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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-mediated neuroinflammation dysregulates neurogranin and induces synaptodendritic injury

Fig. 4

Role of proinflammatory cytokines in Ng dysregulation: Normal donor-derived MDMs were infected with HIV-1 NLYU2 at an MOI of 0.5 or mock for 10–12 days. a Levels of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, CXCL5, MCP-1, and MCP-2 in supernatants of HIV-1 and mock-infected MDMs were measured by ELISA (N = 5). HIV-1 infection increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The horizontal lines represent mean concentrations of the cytokines. *p < 0.05 compared to mock-infected cultures. b dSH-SY5Y cells were treated with rhIL-1β (10 ng/ml), rhIL-8 (10 ng/ml), and rhTNF-α (100 ng/ml) for 24 h, and 30 μg of cell lysates for each sample was analyzed by western blot for Ng. Tubulin was used as a loading control. Band intensities from three independent experiments were measured by the ImageJ software. c dSH-SY5Y cells were exposed to HIV-1-infected MDM supernatants with or without anti-IL-1β or anti-IL-8 antibodies and harvested after 24 h of exposure. Cell lysates (30 μg) were analyzed by western blot for Ng. Band intensities from three independent experiments were measured by the ImageJ software. Densitometry quantification of western blot data represents ±SEM of three independent observations. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to control

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