Fig. 4

IL-33 stimulates endothelial cell activation and adhesion molecule expression. Primary astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells were isolated from WT mice and treated with saline or LPS (100 ng/ml) for 4 h, and then, IL-33 (a) and ST2 (b) expression were measured by western blotting. Brain bEnd.3 endothelial cells were stimulated with IL-33 (50 ng/ml) for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and VCAM-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin (c) expression were detected by western blotting. d Brain endothelial bEnd.3 cells were incubated with IL-33 (50 ng/ml) for the indicated time periods, and phosphorylated and total ERK, p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 in cell lysates were detected by using western blotting. n = 4 mice for each group. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001