Fig. 4

CD73 deficiency inhibited microglial anti-inflammatory activation in vivo. a–c Representative Western blotting of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase1 (Arg1) and quantification 3 days after SCI or sham surgery. d, e Microglial M1 polarization markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, CD86) and M2 polarization markers (Arg1, IL-10, CD206) mRNA expression identified by real-time PCR. f–j Representative two-photon excitation images of immunofluorescence (IHF) and statistical comparison of CD68 and iNOS/Arg1 acquired from WT or CD73 KO mice 3 days post-injury. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Data are shown as the mean ± SD from four independent experiments