Fig. 1

Limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) increases the splenic lymphocyte populations. RIPC was conducted by four cycles (10 min/cycle, 40 min total) of bilateral hindlimb ischemia. Spleens were removed before RIPC and 1 h and 3 days after RIPC. a Representative images of flow cytometry showing different splenic lymphocytes, including helper T (Th) cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺), cytotoxic T (Tc) cells (CD3⁺CD8⁺), natural killer T (NKT) (CD3⁺CD161⁺) cells, and B (CD3⁻D45RA⁺). Indicated numbers are the mean percentages of targeted cells. b Statistical analysis of splenic lymphocyte populations prior to and after RIPC. n = 6 rats per group. Data are presented as means ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus corresponding lymphocytes before RIPC