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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Valproic acid attenuates traumatic spinal cord injury-induced inflammation via STAT1 and NF-κB pathway dependent of HDAC3

Fig. 1

Neuroprotective effects of valproic acid on SCI. a Animals in the sham and sham + VPA groups obtained similar scores at the corresponding time points (score = 21). The neurological functions were severely impaired immediately after the SCI (P < 0.05). The BBB scores of these animals gradually returned to the control values. The most significant improvements were observed in the rats in the SCI + VPA group, 7 days after the SCI (8.17 ± 0.45 vs 5.03 ± 0.39) (P < 0.05). b The maximum angles were higher in SCI + VPA group than in the SCI group (27.44 ± 2.48 vs 19.75 ± 1.62) (P < 0.05). c Experimental scheme of VPA treatment after SCI. VPA was administered via intraperitoneal injection immediately following the SCI at level T10. d, e The SCI group obtained more Evans blue dye extravasation from 7 days after the SCI than the sham and the sham + VPA groups (P < 0.05). The SCI + VPA group had significantly less extravasation of Evans blue dye (P < 0.05) than the SCI group. Representative photos of the Evans blue dye extravasation in the experimental groups 7 days after the SCI. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6 per group). N.S., P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01

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