Fig. 4

Effects of SN on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by PTZ kindling. a Representative imagines (original magnification, × 400) showing SN inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis (arrow) induced by PTZ kindling in CA1 and CA3 areas in a dose-dependent manner. Scale bar = 50 μm. Statistical results showing different doses of SN treatment reduced the number of apoptotic neuron in hippocampal CA1 (b) and CA3 (c) areas. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. n = 8–10, ^##P < 0.01 vs control and *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs PTZ