Fig. 7

Effects of SN on the expression of hippocampal inflammatory cytokines in PTZ kindled rats. Representative immunoreactive bands and statistical results showing SN alone has no influence on the expression of IL-1β (a), IL-18 (c), IL-6 (e), and TNF-α (g) in protein level. Representative immunoreactive bands and statistical results showing SN dose-dependently inhibited PTZ-induced increase in the expression of IL-1β (b), IL-18 (d), IL-6 (f), and TNF-α (h) in protein level. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. n = 6–8, ^##P < 0.01 vs control and *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs PTZ