Fig. 2

Neurotrophic effects of CSF from NEC versus No NEC pigs in primary hippocampal neurons. a Length of neurite and b number of primary neurites per cell were determined. Tested CSF samples were randomly selected from each group, n = 17/7/10 corresponding to No NEC/Si-NEC/Co-NEC. Values are means ± SEMs and were normalized to unstimulated controls (Ctl), which were set to 100% (dashed line; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). c Primary neurons treated with recombinant VEGF (10 and 50 ng/ml) or CINC-3 (80 and 400 ng/ml). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus Ctl. Data were generated from four to six independent experiments. d Representative micrographs of hippocampal neurons stained for GAP-43 to visualize growing neurites after stimulation with VEGF (50 ng/ml; top image) and CINC-3 (400 ng/ml; bottom image). Scale bar, 50 μm