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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: Inflammation leads to distinct populations of extracellular vesicles from microglia

Fig. 3

Reduction in the number of microglia-derived extracellular vesicles by inhibition of TNF signaling pathway. Extracellular vesicles were visualized by TEM. Concentrations of extracellular vesicles in conditional media and plasma from mice were measure by NTA. a Comparison of extracellular vesicles concentrations in different conditional media. BV2 microglia cell line was treated with either LPS (1 μg/ml) or etanercept (200 ng/ml) or in the presence of both. Control (CTRL) was cells without any treatment (Mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, ***P < 0.001, n = 3). b Expression levels of iNOS in BV2 cells previously treated with different conditions were analyzed by western blot. iNOS bands were not able to be visualized in the conditions of control and etanercept due to out of the detection limit (Mean ± SD, Unpaired t-test, *P < 0.05, n = 4). c Bar graph shows a comparison of the amount of extracellular vesicles in plasma from mice (WT, n = 6; TNF-KO, n = 6) without surgery and mice (WT, n = 9; TNF-KO, n = 8) 5 days after a stroke model, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) (Mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001). d The brain section in area of infarct from C57BL/6 mouse subjected to pMCAO stained with anti-TNF (green) and anti-CD11b (red), nuclei stained with DAPI. TNF+ cells are also stained for CD11b indicated with arrow; scale bar: 20 μm

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