Fig. 8

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-induced IL-1β production by activated microglia is regulated by HSP60. Upper panel depicts the qRT-PCR data. a–c JEV infection increases HSP60 both at RNA level (a, b) and protein level (d, e) in N9 cells and mice brains respectively. Protein levels of HSP60 in the Western blot were normalized with β-actin levels while transcript expression of HSP60 was normalized with GAPDH expression. c Effect of JEV infection on the transcript level of HSP60 was also assessed in FFPE human brain sections infected with JEV and were compared with the control brains. f, g JEV infection increases IL-1β secretion both in vitro (f) and in vivo (g) which were analyzed using ELISA. h, i HSP60 knockdown leads to decrease in the IL-1β secretion as assessed by ELISA in N9 cells (h) and mice brain lysate (i). Both qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed in triplicates for each experiment. Data represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in comparison to control values and ##p < 0.01 with respect to JEV-infected values