Fig. 2

GPR30 activation alleviates neuronal injury in the ischemic penumbra. a Left: representative photomicrographs showing TUNEL staining in the ischemic penumbra of OVX mice 24 h after reperfusion. Scale bars = 20 μm. Right: the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the ischemic penumbra. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. ^###p < 0.001 compared with the sham group. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle group. n = 6 per group. b Left: Nissl staining showing morphological neuronal changes in the ischemic penumbra of OVX mice 24 h after reperfusion. The red arrows indicate intact neurons with large cell bodies, rich cytoplasms, and one or two large round nuclei, while the black arrows indicate damaged neurons with shrunken cell bodies, condensed nuclei, dark cytoplasms, and empty vesicles. Scale bars = 50 μm. Right: the percentage of intact neurons in the ischemic penumbra. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. ^###p < 0.001 compared with the sham group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle group. n = 6 per group. c Left: NeuN staining showing the survival of neurons in the ischemic penumbra of OVX mice 24 h after reperfusion. Scale bars = 20 μm. Right: the percentage of living neurons in the ischemic penumbra. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. ^###p < 0.001 compared with the sham group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the vehicle group. n = 6 per group. TUNEL terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick-end labeling