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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Effects of rapamycin and curcumin on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo — in search of potential anti-epileptogenic strategies for temporal lobe epilepsy

Fig. 1

Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in cultured astrocytes that were challenged with IL-1β. a Rapamycin treatment did not affect the IL-1β-induced increase in IL-6 expression. b Curcumin, both before (pre-treatment) and simultaneous treatment with the IL-1β challenge, reduced the increase in IL-6 expression. c Rapamycin further increased the expression of COX-2 both after pre-treatment and simultaneous treatment. d Curcumin simultaneous treatment reduced the IL-1β-induced increase of COX-2 expression. Data are normalized to the IL-1β-stimulated condition (white bars) and shown as mean ± SEM. Pre = pre-treatment, sim = simultaneous treatment, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the IL-1β-stimulated condition

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