Fig. 6

Maternal VAC and MIA effects on cortical lamination in the developing brain at E18.5. a Coronal sections of embryonic brains were immunostained with Tbr1 (green), Satb2 (red), and Hoechst (blue). Tbr1 mainly indicates the cells in cortical layers V–VI, while Satb2 labels layer II–V cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. b MIA induced a significant reduction of Satb2⁺ cells (p = 0.015), and VAC preprocessing reversed the effect (p = 0.025). c A similar but not significant trend was observed for Tbr1⁺ cells in the cortical plate (p > 0.05). n = 6 mice/group; *p < 0.05 (two-way ANOVA and Student’s t test). The results are all shown as the mean + s.e.m.