Fig. 5

Comparison of the extent of brain injuries between LPS+HI±HT±IL-1Ra conditions. Comparisons of the extent of core and penumbra injuries (within the neocortex, hippocampus, and caudate-putamen) between pups exposed to LPS+HI±HT±IL-1Ra (50–200 mg/kg) by H&E staining of the right forebrains at P20. HT reduced the surface of core and penumbra lesions (a–d), as well as alleviated the brain weight loss observed after LPS+HI exposure (e). The surface of core and penumbral lesions were similar in LPS+HI+HT+IL-1Ra (50 mg/kg) as compared to LPS+HI+HT condition (a–d). HT+hrIL-1Ra (200 mg/kg) increased the extent of penumbra injury as compared to the LPS+HI condition (b), as well as core and penumbral injuries as compared to LPS+HI+HT and LPS+HI+HT+IL-1Ra (50 mg/kg) (a–d). The number (n) of rats used was LPS+HI (n = 14–16 from 9 litters), LPS+HI+HT (n = 13–15 from 9 litters), LPS+HI+HT+IL-1Ra 50 mg/kg (n = 17–19 from 9 litters), and LPS+HI+HT+IL-1Ra 200 mg/kg (n = 6–7 from 3 litters). The bars indicate the mean ± SEM. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001; one-way ANOVA. Abbreviations: HI, hypoxia-ischemia; HT, hypothermia; hrIL-1Ra, human recombinant of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; LPS, lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli