Fig. 4

Diet-induced weight gain and STZ-induced hyperglycemia after 18 weeks. a Mice were weighed every 3–4 days and percentage gain in body mass compared to baseline following the high-fat diet (HFD), control diet (CON) and STZ treatment was calculated at the end of each week. b Corresponding percentage weight gain as the area under the curve (AUC). c Percentage of glycated haemoglobin or HbA1c from heparanised whole blood was measured as an indicator of hyperglycemia at the endpoint. d Plasma levels of insulin from whole blood. e Following a 3 h fast, blood glucose measurements of the vehicle and STZ-induced mice were assessed via tail tip vein collection (time zero) and then administered 0.8 mg/g glucose solution for IP glucose tolerance test (GTT). Blood samples were collected from the tail tip vein at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after glucose challenge. f Corresponding AUC of the IP GTT. g Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 was measured from plasma using cytometric bead array. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. of a–c, n = 18–20; d, n = 9–10; e and f, n = 4–5; g, n = 8–10 per group. b, d and f analysed by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Dunn’s. c and g analysed by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunnett’s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs CIT + CON control group