Fig. 6
From: Protein kinase C-delta inhibition protects blood-brain barrier from sepsis-induced vascular damage
Tight junction formation by HBMVEC under flow conditions as indicated by immunofluorescence staining of ZO-1. PKCδ inhibition (PKCδ-i) attenuates TNF-α-induced tight junction damage in vitro in B3C. When cultured with normal media, tight junctions were fully established between adjacent cells (a). Tight junction expression was disrupted after 4 h of TNF-α activation (b), while PKCδ inhibition (TNF-α + PKCδ-i) restored tight junction expression (c). HBMVEC cultured for 72 h under flow (0.1 μl/min) were stained with ZO-1 (red) and Hoechst 33342 (blue). d Quantitative analysis to the total tight junction fluorescence intensity confirmed our observation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *** p < 0.001 compared to no treatment and TNF-α + PKCδ-i by ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc