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Fig. 7 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 7

From: Glial-neuronal signaling mechanisms underlying the neuroinflammatory effects of manganese

Fig. 7

Mixed glial cultures containing IKK2 knockout astrocytes fail to induce apoptosis in primary cortical neurons following exposure to MnCl2. The number of apoptotic neurons is statistically decreased in response to Mn-treated IKK2 KO GCM compared to WT GCM for Annexin V+ cells (a, b) and caspase 3/7+ cells (c, d). Necrotic neurons (PI+; e, f) are similarly, statistically decreased in neurons treated with IKK2 KO GCM compared to WT GCM. Two-way ANOVA analyses performed. Data depicted as ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 (100–200 cells per group from four biological replicates across ≥ 3 independent experiments)

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