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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: Varicella zoster virus differentially alters morphology and suppresses proinflammatory cytokines in primary human spinal cord and hippocampal astrocytes

Fig. 3

Activation signs of primary human spinal cord (qHA-sps) and hippocampal (qHA-hps) astrocytes. Compared to vehicle-treated cells (a, column 1), IL-1β-treated qHA-sps and qHA-hps exhibited morphological changes, with cell process extensions seen on immunofluorescence assay using anti-GFAP antibodies (a, column 2) at 24 h post-treatment. Compared to conditioned supernatant from vehicle-treated cells, IL-1β-treated qHA-sps and qHA-hps showed significantly increased IL-6 (1.87 ± 0.02; 18.04 ± 0.14, respectively; mean fold change ± SD; p < 0.001, n = 3) (b). The morphological changes in both astrocyte types and the increased secretion of IL-6 in response to IL-1β stimuli are consistent with astrocyte activation. The blue color indicates cell nuclei. Mag × 400

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094