Fig. 1

Culture stained for OX42, a marker for microglial cells (green), and GFAP, a marker for astrocytes (red). Some microglia, less than 5%, were found in the control cultures ©, 5.5 mM glucose. The amount of microglia increased to 5–10% after treatment with LPS for 24 h in 5.5 mM glucose. The amount of microglia decreased after treatment with LPS for 24 h followed by incubation with LPS and sildenafil (Sild) for another 24 h in 5.5 mM glucose to less than 5%. Cultures cultivated in 25 mM glucose were less affected, 1–2%. Scale bar = 50 μm. Representative images are presented