Fig. 2

Sex-dependent DRα1-mMOG-35-55 treatment of chronic EAE: a DRα1-mMOG-35-55 can treat chronic EAE in C57BL/6 males with repeated 100-μg doses, whereas (b) treatment of female C57BL/6 mice with chronic EAE required repeated 1-mg doses except in (c) E2 depleted ESR1(ERα)-KO mice that responded to the 100-μg dose. Figures show daily scores (injections indicated by black arrows) and cumulative disease indices. *p < 0.05. d, e High-dose (1 mg) treatment of females with DRα1-mMOG-35-55 reduced spinal cord damage (trend) and demyelination and (f) leukocyte infiltration in female mice with chronic EAE. d High magnification (× 63) plastic embedded spinal cord cross-sections are shown from mice 63 days post immunization after toluidine blue staining of lateral spinal cord. Arrowheads show lesion. Asterisks show degenerating axons. Scale bar is 20 μm. e Paraffin-embedded sections (× 20) were used for assessing demyelination using LFB-PAS and hematoxylin staining. Scale bar is 200 μm. Percent demyelination is shown in bar graph (right). **p < 0.01. f Frequencies of CD4⁺ and CD11b⁺ cells in spinal cord sections are shown for vehicle or 1 mg DRα1-mMOG-35-55-treated female C57BL/6 mice as evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. *p < 0.05. Reprinted from “Sex-dependent treatment of chronic EAE with partial MHC class II constructs,” by Benedek et al., 2017 [40], J Neuroinflammation, 14(1):100. Biomedical Central, copyright Benedek et al. 2015 [28]. Reprinted with permission