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Table 1 Overview of demographics, clinical, and radiological findings in patients with hemorrhagic manifestations of HSV CNS infection

From: Cerebrovascular manifestations of herpes simplex virus infection of the central nervous system: a systematic review

Demographics

 

 n

27

 Median age (IQR), years

40 (26–54)

 < 18 years

23% (4/27)

 Male sex

55% (15/27)

 Days from symptom onset to admission (median, IQR), n = 24

3.5 (2–7)

Clinical presentation

 Encephalitis

93% (25/27)

 Stroke-like

4% (1/27)

 Unspecific

4% (1/27)

Diagnostic testing

 HSV-1 (PCR of CSF)

59% (16/27)

 HSV-2 (PCR of CSF)

7% (2/27)

 HSV not distinguished (PCR of CSF)

26% (7/27)

 HSV not distinguished (antibody of CSF)

4% (1/27)

 PCR negative for HSV (CSF)

4% (1/27)

CSF findings

 Pleocytosis (> 4 cells/μl)

88% (21/24)

 Median cell count#(cells/μl, IQR, n = 23)

88 (25–387)

Neuroimaging

 Hemorrhage on first imaging

32% (8/25)

 Hemorrhage after admission

68% (17/25)

 Days from admission to detection of hemorrhage (median, IQR)

10 (9–14)

 Hemorrhage within HSE predilection sites

89% (24/27)

 Bilateral temporal lobe HSE

33% (8/24)

 Atypical localization of hemorrhage

7% (2/27)

 No encephalitic lesion

4% (1/27)

 Evidence for vasculitis

0% (0/9)

Intervention

 Hematoma evacuation

30% (8/27)

Outcome

 Good outcome (mRS 0–2)

38% (8/24)

 Unfavorable outcome (mRS 3–5)

41% (11/24)

 Fatality

21% (5/24)

  1. #In patients with pleocytosis. IQR interquarile range