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Table 2 Overview of demographics, clinical, and radiological findings in patients with ischemic manifestations of HSV CNS infection

From: Cerebrovascular manifestations of herpes simplex virus infection of the central nervous system: a systematic review

Demographics

 

 n

10

 Median age (IQR), years

47 (26–69)

 < 18 years

20% (2/10)

 Male gender

30% (3/10)

 Days from symptom onset to admission

n = 3 on day 1, n = 1 on day 2

Clinical presentation

 Encephalitis

50% (5/10)

 Stroke-like

30% (3/10)

 Meningitis

20% (2/10)

Diagnostic testing

 HSV-1 (PCR of CSF)

20% (2/10)

 HSV-2 (PCR of CSF)

50% (5/10)

 HSV not distinguished (PCR of CSF)

20% (2/10)

 PCR negative for HSV-1 (CSF) but antibody rise

10% (1/10)

CSF findings

 Pleocytosis (> 4 cells/μl)

100% (10/10)

 Median cell count# (cells/μl, IQR, n = 10)

42 (15–199)

Neuroimaging

 Ischemia on first brain imaging

50% (5/10)

 Hemorrhage on first imaging, ischemia later

20% (2/10)

 Presence of loco-typico HSV lesion

10% (1/10)

 Evidence for vasculitis

63% (5/8)

 Affected vessels

  Small-sized

0%

  Large-sized

100% (5/5)

 Affected areas of circulation

  Anterior

30% (3/10)

  Posterior

20% (2/10)

  Anterior and posterior

50% (5/10)

 Distribution of lesions

  Single

10% (1/10)

  Multiple

90% (9/10)

Intervention

 Steroid treatment

40% (4/10)

Outcome

 Good outcome (mRS 0–2)

56% (5/9)

 Unfavorable outcome (mRS 3–5)

44% (4/9)

 Fatality

0%

  1. #In patients with pleocytosis. IQR interquartile range, PCR polymerase chain reaction, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, HSV herpes simplex virus