No. (year), reference | Age, sex | HSV type, diagnostic test, CSF cell count | Clinical presentation, special features | Presence of loco-typico HSV-encephalitis | Time from symptom onset to admission, ischemia on first imaging | Presence of vasculitis (affected vessel), affected brain region | Steroids, dosage (duration) | Outcome (mRS) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (2004), Alexandri NM [43] | 31, m | HSV-1, PCR, 46 cells/μl | Encephalitis (fever, hallucinations, headache) | Yes | Not reported, no (CT) | No, multifocal (anterior and posterior) | − | Hemianopsia (2) |
2 (2009), Sas AM [44] | 3, f | HSV-1, PCR, 38 cells/μl | Encephalitis (fever, impaired vision, nausea, vomiting) | No | Day 5, yes (CT and MRI) | No, multifocal (posterior) | − | Blindness (3) |
3 (2012), Zepper P [45] | 72, m | HSV-2, PCR, 588 cells/μl | Stroke-like (aphasia, hemiparesis) | No | Unclear, no (hemorrhage on CT) | Yes (various vessels), multifocal (anterior and posterior) | − | Moderate cognitive deficits and hemiparesis (3–4) |
4 (2013), Guerrero WR [46] | 36, f | HSV*, PCR, 13 cells/μl | Encephalitis (headache, diplopia with skew deviation), 2 months postpartum | No | Day 2, yes (MRI) | Yes (basilar artery), single lesion (posterior) | MP 3 days, P 7 days, dosages not reported | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (3) |
5 (2014), Terlizzi V [47] | 10, f | HSV-1, IgG antibodies appeared in CSF, 20 cells/μl | Stroke-like (headache and hemiparesis) | No | Day 1, no (CT) | Yes (distal ICA and MCA), multifocal (anterior) | − | Complete recovery (0) |
6 (2014), Snider SB [52] | 57, f | HSV-2, PCR, 1260 cells/μl | Meningitis (headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia) | No | Unclear, no (hemorrhage on CT) | Yes (various vessels), multifocal (anterior and posterior) | Yes, dosage not reported, 21 days | Minimal deficits (1–2), resolution of stenoses |
7 (2016), Zis P [48] | 45, m | HSV-2, PCR, 64 cells/μl | Encephalitis (fever, confusion) | No | Day 1, no (CT) | Not studied, multifocal (anterior) | − | Mild cognitive deficits (2) |
8 (2016), Joshi P [49] | 48, f | HSV-2, PCR, 16 cells/μl | Meningitis (fever, headache, neck stiffness), later encephalitis | No | Day 120, yes (MRI) | Yes (various vessels), multifocal (anterior and posterior) | MP and P dosage/duration not reported | Relapsing course, outcome not reported |
9 (2017), Tsuboguchi S [50] | 73, f | HSV*, PCR (6000 copies/ml), 8 cells/μl | Stroke-like (hemiparesis) | No | Day 1, yes (MRI) | Not studied, multifocal (anterior and posterior) | Yes, MP 500 mg, 3 days | Modified Rankin scale 5 |
10 (2017), Zhang F [51] | 68, f | HSV-2, PCR, 649 cells/μl | Encephalitis (headache, numbness, hallucinations), systemic lupus, and immunosuppression | No | Day 21, yes (MRI) | No, multifocal (anterior) | − | Complete recovery (0) |