Fig. 1From: Iron accentuated reactive oxygen species release by NADPH oxidase in activated microglia contributes to oxidative stress in vitroIron exacerbates ROS generation independently and accentuates LPS-induced ROS production among microglia. a Primary microglia show significant elevations in ROS release with FeSO4 exposure. Combining FeSO4 with LPS for 24 h resulted in a compounding effect, with a significant elevation over LPS alone. Treatment with DFO resulted in suppression of the effects of FeSO4, but not in LPS. b FeSO4 exposure at 100 μM produced a rise in ROS when compared with control (0); LPS also induced an increase in LPS. This increase was elevated further in a concentration dependent manner when microglia were exposed to both FeSO4 and LPS. c Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 exposure produced similar effects as FeSO4. d Na2SO4 did not produce an incremental patterned increase of ROS as previously described. LPS-treated groups did produce an increased amount of ROS, although no differences were noted between the groups treated with LPS. e The addition of 250 μM concentrations of DFO reduced ROS concentrations to control levels among all groups. In the graphs, symbols representing significance were assigned according to comparisons: control group (*); LPS group (#); FeSO4 (!); and LPS & FeSO4 ($). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ##p < 0.01, ####p < 0.0001, !!p < 0.01, and $$$$p < 0.0001. X-axis represents titled drug of graph with μM concentrations. Within the DFO graph the X-axis represents μM concentrations of FeSO4. All graphs represent an n = 5. All statistics are one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test. Bars represent mean ± SEMBack to article page