Fig. 2From: Responses of perivascular macrophages to circulating lipopolysaccharides in the subfornical organ with special reference to endotoxin toleranceEffect of LPS injection on IL-1β immunoreactivity in the SFO. Cryosections were immunostained with antibodies against IL-1β, the myeloid lineage cell marker Iba1, the outer basement membrane marker laminin-111, the astrocyte marker GFAP, and LPS. a IL-1β immunoreactivity (arrowheads) was found as processes and co-localized with GFAP+ astrocytes in the parenchyma of the SFO of vehicle-injected control mice. Strong IL-1β immunoreactivity (arrows) was seen in the SFO following LPS injection. IL-1β immunoreactivity was observed in Iba1+ cells situated inside the laminin-111+ outer basement membrane. b Summary diagram. c Quantitative analysis revealing the effect of LPS on the number of IL-1β+ Iba1+ cells in the SFO of adult mice. N = 4. d Quantitative analysis revealing the effect of LPS on the relative intensity of parenchymal IL-1β immunoreactivity in the SFO of adult mice. N = 4. e Immunoreactivity of LPS was found in the SFO, but not in the adjacent ventral hippocampal commissure. Immunoreactivity of LPS was found in the perivascular space and sometimes co-localized with Iba1 immunoreactivity. f Quantification of results from e. Data were obtained from 4 animals (38 sections) and 80 LPS+ spots were examined. Laminin, laminin-111; N.D., not detected; p, parenchymal area; PVS, perivascular space; v, vasculature; vhc, ventral hippocampal commissure. Scale bars are 10 μmBack to article page