Table 3 CRPS participants reported higher scores for pain, anxiety depression, stress, pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia, as well as reduced pain self-efficacy compared to healthy controls. A table showing participant information, pain and psychological measures in CRPS participants and healthy controls. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Short-form Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS21), Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS), Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). N = 14 CRPS and N = 14 controls. All data are presented as group means (± S.E.M.). ** represents P < 0.01, *** represents P < 0.001 in in a Mann-Whitney U test

From: Expansion and activation of distinct central memory T lymphocyte subsets in complex regional pain syndrome