Fig. 4

Tat upregulates P2Y4R signaling to produce inflammatory cytokines and ATP release in human glioma cells via PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways. Human glioma U251 cells were pretreated with or without PD98059 and LY294002 for 2 h, followed by soluble Tat stimulus for 6 h. a PRY4R protein expression was determined by Western blotting assay. b The mRNA levels of TNFα, IL-6, MCP-1 were detected using qPCR. The relative expression levels of genes were normalized to the expression of human Actin. c ATP was detected using ATPlite luminescence assay system. The Data are from three independent experiments. The data are represented as the mean ± S.E.M. **P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.01 versus NC with DMSO; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001 versus Tat with DMSO