Fig. 8

Baicalin regulates LPS-induced TLR4 expression by activating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway in primary microglia cells. Primary microglia cells were pretreated with baicalin and LY 294002 for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. a Western blot was performed to measure the levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-FoxO1, and TLR4. Data were normalized to the blank group and presented as means ± SEM. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs. blank; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. LPS; ^&p < 0.05, ^&&p < 0.01 vs. LPS+BA. b The immunofluorescent images of FoxO1 nucleus translocation were observed by confocal scanning microscopy in LPS-treated primary microglia cells. Green, FoxO1; blue: DAPI; scale bar 10 μm. c Primary microglia cells were stained with a TLR4 antibody and observed with fluorescence microscopy. Green, TLR4; blue, DAPI; scale bar 50 μm