Fig. 6

Percentages of M1 and M2 macrophages. The cells determined to be CD11b⁺CD45^HIGH macrophages were further analyzed for macrophage phenotype. Cells that were positive for the M1 markers CD68 or CD80 were characterized as “M1” macrophages and the CD68⁻CD80⁻ macrophages were further analyzed with CD86 and CD163 to distinguish early stage“M2b” and later stage “M2c,” as shown in the schematic (a). The FMOs for CD68 and CD80 were used to set the gates and a representative sample of MCMs+IL-10 is shown for the CD68 vs CD80 (b). The FMOs for CD86 and CD163 were used to set the gates for distinguishing “M2b” and “M2c” cells and the CD68⁻CD80⁻ “M2” macrophages were further analyzed for CD86 vs CD163 (c). Comparing across groups, MCMs+IL-10 had significantly less “M1” macrophages than the Controls, Local IL-10, and MCMs (d). MCMs+IL-10 also had significantly more “M2b” macrophages than the Controls, Local IL-10, and MCMs (e). *P < 0.05 (Tukey’s Test); error bars represent ± SEM; n = 3 for Controls and 4 for all other groups