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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Pneumolysin and the bacterial capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae cooperatively inhibit taxis and motility of microglia

Fig. 5

Live imaging patterns of the altered microglia morphology by pneumococcal components. a Live imaging of primary microglia, demonstrating normal membrane dynamics and minimal cell motility. b Very dynamic membrane changes in microglia (yellow arrows indicate rapidly formed filopodia-like membrane extensions above the level of the focal plane, and cyan and magenta arrows indicate membrane shrinking and expansion respectively). c Expression of PLY and lack of bacterial capsule led to substantial cell shrinkage (cyan arrow indicates the shrinking front of the cell) with the formation of multiple post-retracted pseudofilopodia. d Lack of PLY but the presence of bacterial capsule in lysates produced very dynamic membrane changes with multiple tiny ruffles that appeared and vanished rapidly (green arrows). e Wild-type (D39) bacterial lysates produced a combination of cell shrinkage and displacement (cyan and red arrows respectively) and multiple ruffles (green arrows) in exposed microglial cells. All scale bars, 20 μm. In all bacterial lysis experiments, the lysate concentration was 20 million CFU/ml

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