Fig. 2

Neutralizing antibody anti-CX₃CL1, etanercept, and IL-1ra i.t. treatments inhibit L. amazonensis-induced hyperalgesia, but not paw edema. Mechanical (a, d, and g) and thermal (b, e, and h) hyperalgesia and paw edema (c, f, and i) were measured in control non-infected and infected mice at day 30 after the infection, and subsequently, infected mice received i.t. injection of antibody anti- CX₃CL1 (0.25–2.5 μg), etanercept (3–10 ng), IL-1ra (30–100 pg), or vehicles (control IgG for Ab CX₃CL1 and saline for the other drugs) followed by measurement of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema. Results are presented as mean ± SEM of six mice per group per experiment and are representative of two separate experiments. *p < 0.05 compared to control non-infected mice; ^#p < 0.05 compared to vehicle-treated infected mice; **p < 0.05 compared to the lower doses of antibody anti- CX₃CL1, etanercept, IL-1ra, and vehicle-treated infected mice (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc)