New therapeutic targeting of Alzheimer’s disease with the potential use of proline-rich polypeptide complex to modulate an innate immune response - preliminary study

Table 3 Spontaneous and VSV-induced cytokine production by PBLs of AD patients (n = 20) after PRP treatment. General impact and data grouped by MMSE score are present. Means of ratio of the cytokine levels (before/after PRP treatment) are presented for all levels of the MMSE score. Virus effect was considered as the ratio of VSV induced and spontaneous. ANOVA linear contrast was used to test relationship between MMSE and virus effect (F-test). PRP effect was tested with Student t test

MMSE		n	TNF-α		IFN-γ		IL-1β		IL-10
Range	Mean	n	Spontaneous	VSV- induced	Spontaneous	VSV- induced	Spontaneous	VSV- induced	Spontaneous	VSV- induced
23–22	22.2	6	0.320	0.161	0.817	0.989	0.729	0.691	0.131	0.213
21–19	19.6	5	1.181	2.548	0.766	1.123	0.794	0.935	1.091	0.868
18–14	15.2	5	0.491	0.420	1.036	0.712	0.352	0.145	0.059	0.027
13–12	12.5	4	2.551	1.039	0.674	0.867	0.973	0.498	1.303	0.987
Total mean ratio after/before (regardless of MMSE)		20	0.747	0.593	0.821	0.916	0.658	0.472	0.288	0.246
Mean change [%] after PRP treatment			− 25.3%	− 40.7	− 17.9	− 8.4	− 34.2	− 52.8	− 71.2	− 75.4
CI95% for the mean change	Lower		− 71.20%	− 81.6	− 33.8	− 25.5	− 54.8	− 76	− 89.8	− 91.4
CI95% for the mean change	Upper		102.60%	102.60	3.30	10.10	− 5.40	− 14.50	− 16.90	− 22.80
F-test for MMSE effect H₀: VSV effect independent of MMSE H₁: linear relationship			0.179		0.293		2.794		0.695
p value for F-test			0.678		0.596		0.114		0.417
r _{effect size} ^* (MMSE effect size)			0.105		0.134		0.386		0.204
Student t test for PRP effect H₀: total mean ratio ≥ 1 H₁: total mean ratio < 1			− 0.574	− 0.819	− 1.687	− 0.862	− 2.126	− 2.322	− 2.247	− 2.423
p value for the t test			0.2862	0.2114	0.054	0.1996	0.0234 ^**	0.0158 ^**	0.0184 ^**	0.0128 ^**
Power of the t test			0.145	0.299	0.191	0.092	0.685	0.918	0.915	0.943

^*r_{effect size} means the correlation coefficient between ratio of VSV- induced and spontaneous and MMSE means both non-contrast between-group variation and the within-group variation are incorporated; ** statistically significant

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