From: An update on reactive astrocytes in chronic pain
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
TNF-α
IL-1β
IL-6
Chemokines
CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-5
CXCL-1
Receptors
TLR-4
TLR-2
Connexins
Cx30, Cx43
Intracellular kinases
MAPK:ERK1/2, P38, JNK
Proteases
tPA
MMP