Fig. 1

Treatment with IL-1β promotes tumor spheroid formation and is associated with CEBPD expression. a Analyses of the GEO database showing higher IL-1β expressions than those of other factors in GBM. b IL-1β promoting tumor spheroid formation in U373MG, T98G, and PT#3 cells. Tumor spheroids were incubated in DMEM/F12 medium containing N2 supplement, 20 ng/mL EGF, and 20 ng/mL FGF, and images were collected on day 6. Scale bar, 0.5 mm. c Quantitative analysis results of tumor spheroid number in b using ImageJ software. d Western blot analyses conducted with indicated antibodies using protein lysates from U373MG, T98G, and PT#3 spheroid cells on day 6. Expression of α-tubulin served as the internal control. (Total data were obtained from three independent experiments, and the data shown here were from one representative assay. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were determined with the unpaired two-tailed t test. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001)