Fig. 7
LPA1 antagonism attenuates expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain after tMCAO challenge. Mice were challenged with tMCAO. AM095 (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered immediately after reperfusion. Total RNA was extracted from the ipsilateral brain hemisphere at 1 and 3 days after tMCAO challenge, and mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were determined by qRT-PCR analysis. Changes in expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines at day 1 (a–c) and at day 3 (d–f) are shown. n = 5 mice per group. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus sham. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 versus vehicle-administered tMCAO mice (tMCAO+veh)