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Table 1 Cohort characteristics

From: Plasma neurofilament light chain and amyloid-β are associated with the kynurenine pathway metabolites in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

 

All participants

Low NAL

High NAL

p

Gender (N, males/females)

32/68

19/46

13/22

.419

Age (years)

78.18 ± 5.52

77.61 ± 5.55

79.22 ± 5.38

.165

APOE ε4 carriers (N, %)

21 (21)

5 (7.7)

16 (45.7)

< .0001

Education (years)

14.43 ± 3.26

14.84 ± 3.37

13.64 ± 2.91

.078

MMSE (score)

28.61 ± 1.14

28.50 ± 1.16

28.80 ± 1.10

.225

NAL (SUVR)

1.35 ± 0.31

1.15 ± 0.08

1.71 ± 0.26

Tryptophan (μM)

43.33 ± 7.72

42.87 ± 8.15

44.17 ± 6.87

.350

Kynurenine (μM)

2.23 ± 0.58

2.12 ± 0.52

2.41 ± 0.63

< .05

Kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (K/T)

52.61 ± 15.44

50.73 ± 13.94

56.08 ± 17.58

.121

Kynurenic Acid (nM)

52.06 ± 27.44

49.71 ± 26.25

56.41 ± 29.40

.238

3-Hydroxykynurenine (nM)

119.45 ± 37.47

117.74 ± 34.73

122.60 ± 42.42

.554

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (nM)

22.63 ± 9.14

22.15 ± 9.25

23.50 ± 8.99

.406

Anthranilic acid (nM)

35.48 ± 19.79

31.40 ± 14.99

43.04 ± 25.02

< .005

Picolinic acid (nM)

109.38 ± 49.82

112.06 ± 56.25

104.40 ± 35.07

.572

Quinolinic acid (nM)

171.83 ± 74.48

169.76 ± 75.89

175.66 ± 72.71

.689

  1. Baseline characteristics including gender, age, APOE ε4 status, education, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and neocortical amyloid-β load (NAL) represented by the standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of ligand 18F-florbetaben assessed via positron emission tomography, in the neocortical region normalised with that in the cerebellum, have been compared between low NAL (SUVR< 1.35) and high NAL (SUVR ≥ 1.35) study participants. Chi-square tests or linear models were employed as appropriate. Data have been presented in mean ± SD unless otherwise mentioned. Kynurenine to tryptophan ratios for all participants were multiplied by 1000. All p values for the kynurenine pathway metabolites were obtained from variables transformed to the logarithmic scale for analyses to meet assumptions of the statistical test employed