Fig. 5

Altered levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the rectum and hippocampus after Enterococcus faecalis 2001 (EF-2001) administration. a Representative immunoblots probed with antibodies against rectal TNF-α, IL-6, and β-actin, as indicated. b, c Quantification of normalized values of TNF-α and IL-6 levels with β-actin in the rectum. d Representative immunoblots probed with antibodies against hippocampal TNF-α, IL-6, and β-actin, as indicated. e, f Quantification of normalized values of TNF-α and IL-6 levels with β-actin in the hippocampus. Bars represent means ± standard error of mean (SEM). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated water group. ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated DSS group (n = 4–7 per group)