Fig. 5

Treatment of naïve SK-N-SH cells with supernatants from tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)-infected HBCA. a Schema of the experiment. Supernatants from TBEV-infected and mock-infected HBCA cells were collected at days 1 (treatment a) and 5 (treatment b) p.i. and then cleared of the virus. SK-N-SH were incubated with the virus-free HBCA supernatants for 4 h. On days 1 and 3 post-treatment, the cell culture supernatants were collected and used for cytokine/chemokine measurements with the Human Cytokine Magnetic 30-Plex Panel for the Luminex platform. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to uninfected controls (b). SK-N-SH cells were incubated with the HBCA supernatants for 4 h and then infected with TBEV (m.o.i. = 1). On days 0, 1, and 3 p.i., the supernatants were collected and used for determination of viral titer (c). The cell viability was also assessed (d). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001