Fig. 3

Delayed/subacute treatment with IV IL-1α enhances post-stroke recovery and repair. Delayed/subacute IL-1α treatment increases expression of markers of vascular activation (a–d) and early neurogenesis (g, h). Representative images of stains for CD31 (PECAM), ICAM-1, and VEGFR2 (a). Quantification of b PECAM, c ICAM-1, and d VEGFR2 stains. These stains show more vascularization and more EC activation 14 days following stroke. Delayed, single dose (e) and subacute doses (f) of IL-1α imparts functional benefit after stroke. Graphs showing increased functional recovery on 28-point neuroscore at 7- and 14-days following stroke in the filament MCAo model. Representative images of brains from stroked mice stained (g) for doublecortin (DCX) at the subventricular zone (SVZ) 14 days following stroke. Quantification of DCX stains (h) show more DCX-positive staining at the SVZ with IL-1α treatment compared to vehicle-treated control animals. Student’s t test *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. One-way ANOVA **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Two-way RM ANOVA *p < 0.05. Scale = 100 μm. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group)