Fig. 10

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) or their extracellular vesicles (EVs) transplanted intra-arterially reduced the elevated level of chemokines noticed in the rat brain after focal brain injury. Quantitation of CXCL1 (a), MCP-1 (b), MIP-1α (c), and MIP-3α (d) protein levels detected in the rat brains of focal brain injured rats 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after hBM-MSC or EV transplantation versus untreated or control rats. All data reflect mean ± SD from 6 animals. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001