Fig. 6
Ex-4 reduced the VEGF-A, MMP-9, CXCL-1, and MCP-1 in the infarcted brain regions of MCAO rats. a Representative western blots for VEGF-A expression in different models, and the VEGF-A intensity was normalized to GAPDH (n = 6). b MMP-9 activity in different models was measured using gelatin zymography, and the relative intensity was compared to the sham group (n = 6). c, d Representative images of immunofluorescence staining of the cerebral hemisphere from different models for VEGF-A (c) and MMP-9 (d) (red) on GFAP (green)-positive cells, and nuclei were labeled with DAPI (blue) (n = 5). Scale bar = 30 μm. e Representative images of immunohistochemistry staining for CXCL-1 and MCP-1 (brown) in ipsilateral brain tissues. f Quantitative analysis of CXCL-1 and MCP-1-positive cells/mm2 (n = 4). Scale bar = 20 μm. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 in Fig. 6a, b; *P < 0.01 compared with the Sham group; #P < 0.01 compared with the MCAO group in Fig. 6f; ANOVA plus SNK test (a, b, f)