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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Microglial activation by microbial neuraminidase through TLR2 and TLR4 receptors

Fig. 5

Effect of NA inactivation/inhibition on microglial response. Lectin histochemistry (ae) was used to demonstrate the inactivation of the sialidase activity of NA. Tissue sections containing the hypothalamus ventricular wall were incubated with diluent solution (a), with NA (b), with heat-inactivated NA (c), with NA and oseltamivir phosphate (d), or with NA and NADNA (e). SNA lectin (with sialic acid affinity) binding on the ventricular surface reveals the sialidase activity (SNA-negative) or its inactivation/inhibition (SNA-positive). Microglia cultures from WT mice were exposed during 24 h to heat-inactivated NA (Q) or to native NA in the presence of the sialidase inhibitors oseltamivir phosphate and NADNA (f, g). The activation of microglial cells was monitored by measuring the overexpression of IL-1β (f) and TNFα (g) by qPCR. Native NA induced the expression of both cytokines, but was unable to do so after heat-inactivation. Furthermore, oseltamivir and NADNA also prevented the stimulation effect of native NA on microglia. The histograms show means + SD of n = 7 independent cultures. One-way ANOVA was used to compare treatments. Letters (a, b) above each bar indicate the absence (same letter) or presence (different letters) of a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the compared groups

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