Fig. 1

Effect of PAP on NO and inflammatory molecules in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. a BV2 cells were pretreated with PAP for 1 h and incubated with LPS (100 ng/mL). After incubation for 16 h, the supernatants were obtained and the levels of nitrite, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were measured. b, c BV2 cells were pretreated with PAP for 1 h and incubated with LPS for 6 h. Western blot analysis (b) and RT-PCR (c) were performed to measure the expression of inflammatory molecules. Representative gels are shown in the left panel, and the quantification of three independent experiments is shown in the right panel. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 vs. control group; ^#p < 0.05 vs. LPS-treated samples. d BV2 cells were transfected with PDE10-specific or control siRNA. Downregulation of PDE10 expression by PDE10 siRNA was confirmed by Western blot analysis. e The cells transfected with PDE10 siRNA or control siRNA were treated with LPS for 16 h. Then, the amounts of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 released into the media were determined. ^#p < 0.05 vs. control siRNA-transfected cells in the presence of LPS