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Fig. 7 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 7

From: The phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitor papaverine exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects via the PKA signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and Parkinson’s disease mouse models

Fig. 7

Effect of PAP on dopaminergic neuronal cell death, microglial activation, and the expression of inflammatory genes in the brains of MPTP-injected mice. a Representative images of TH-positive neuronal cells in the substantia nigra and striatum (each group n = 4–5). Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the number of TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra, and the optical density of TH-positive fibers in the striatum (right panel). b Representative images of Iba-1-positive microglial cells in the substantia nigra (each group n = 4–5). c Real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the expression of iNOS and cytokines in the substantia nigra (each group n = 4). *p < 0.05 vs. control group; #p < 0.05 vs. MPTP group

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094