Fig. 5

a Real-time RT-PCR expression of genes related to TNF/TNFR1 pathway overexpressed in the precentral gyrus grey matter lesions (GML) of 10 F+ SPMS cases compared with both controls and to 10 F− SPMS cases (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05). For each statistical comparison, the p value, obtained by non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, has been reported. b Schematic diagram of molecular changes involved in TNF/TNFR1 stimulated necroptotic/apoptotic signalling significantly upregulated in particular in the F+ SPMS cortex (red boxes). Pink boxes represent genes that were downregulated in F+ SPMS cases. Changes in both GML and NAGM in each group have been pooled