Fig. 1

IL-1β induces rod photoreceptor degeneration indirectly. a Orthogonal projection of confocal Z stack images of the outer nuclear layer of TUNEL (red)- and Hoechst nuclear dye (blue)-stained mouse retinal explants after 18 h of culture with or without IL-1β (50 ng/ml). b Quantification of TUNEL⁺ nuclei in control and IL-1β (50 ng/ml) exposed mouse retinal explants (n = 10/group, Mann–Whitney test, *p < 0.0001). c RT-qPCR of Il1r1 mRNA normalized with the mean of 3 HKG mRNAs in retinal cell fractions (MCs: CD11b⁺ cells; Müller cells: CD11b⁻CD31⁻CD29⁺ cells; neurons: CD11b⁻CD31⁻CD29⁻ and PR) isolated from total retina (n = 3/group, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn’s post-test *p = 0.0023 versus MCs; n = 3/group. d Quantification of the number of DAPI⁺ isolated rod PRs cultured for 18 h with or without IL-1β (50 ng/ml) (n = 4/group)