Fig. 2
Plg activation is required for induction of cytokine expression by N-astrocytes. a Plg (0.2 μM), Plg plus tPA (12 nM) or vehicle was added to wells with N-astrocytes, microglia, or no cells for 6 h. Then, S-2251 (0.2 mM) was added. The velocity of S-2251 hydrolysis was determined ΔAbs 405 nm/min × 103 (mean ± SEM, n = 3; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.1 one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical analysis is relative to the vehicle control). b–d N-astrocytes were treated for 6 h with Plg (0.2 μM), Plg plus tPA (12 nM) or vehicle, with and without Aprotinin (33 units/ml). RT-qPCR was performed to determine TNFα, IL-1β, and CCL2 mRNA (mean ± SEM; n = 3; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical analysis is relative to the vehicle control). e N-astrocytes were treated with Plg (0.2 μM), Plg plus tPA (12 nM), or vehicle in presence and absence of Aprotinin (33 units/ml) for 1 h. Immunoblot analysis was performed to detect phospho-IκBα, IκBα, and β-actin