Fig. 4

PAR-1 is essential in the pathway by which PM activates N-astrocytes. (a–c) N-astrocytes were treated with Plg (0.2 μM), Plg plus tPA (12 nM) or vehicle in presence and absence of SCH 79797 (2 μM) for 6 h. RT-qPCR was performed to determine expression of TNFα, IL-1β, and CCL2 (mean ± SEM; n = 3; ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical analysis is relative to the vehicle control). d N-astrocytes were treated with Plg (0.2 μM), Plg plus tPA (12 nM), or with vehicle, in the presence and absence of SCH 79797 (2 μM) for 1 h. Immunoblot analysis was performed to detect phospho-IκBα, IκBα, and β-actin