Fig. 5

TWS119 modulated microglia/Macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotype after ischemic stroke. a Pro-inflammatory-type marker (CD-16, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory-type marker (CD206, IL-10, TGF-β, Arg-1 and YM1/2) of microglia were analyzed by qRT-PCR 14 days after stroke. The mRNA levels of CD-16, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in vehicle mice compared with sham mice, TWS119 treatment decreased the level of CD-16, TNF-α and iNOS, and upregulated the level of CD206, IL-10, TGF-β, Arg-1 and YM1/2 compared with saline treatment. b Representative images of coronal sections labeled with Iba1 (microglia marker), and CD16/32. c TWS119 reduced the ratio of CD16/32⁺Iba1⁺ cells at 14 days after stroke. d Representative images of coronal sections labeled with Iba1, and CD206. e TWS119 increased the ratio of CD206⁺Iba1⁺ cells at 14 and 21 days after stroke. (n = 6 per group, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01)