Fig. 8

TWS119 promoted angiogenesis in vitro via an amelioration of inflammatory microenvironment by altering microglia polarization. a Tube formation of bEend3 cells in conventional medium (5 × magnification). OGD injury reduced vascular tubular structures, which was not corrected by TWS119 treatment. b Supernatants of each microglia culture were used as CM. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, Nitrite, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) were detected in each CM. c Representative images of tube formation in OGDbEend.3 cells incubated with CM (5 × magnification). Interestingly, only CM co-treated with LPS plus IFN-γ and TWS119 significantly increased the formation of pro-angiogenic structures in OGDbEnd.3 cells. Other CM had no similar function. bEend3, mouse-derived brain microvascular cell line; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; CM, conditioned media; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; OGD, oxygen-glucose deprivation. (n = 5, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.05, N.S means no statistical significance)